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Olexandr Petrovych Dovzhenko (, ; also referred to as Oleksandr, Aleksandr, Alexander, or Alexandre Dovjenko) ( - November 25, 1956) was a writer, producer and director of films, and is often cited as one of the most important early Soviet filmmakers, alongside Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin, whose films often celebrated the lives and work of his fellow Ukrainians.

Biography

Olexandr Dovzhenko was born in the district of Viunyshche in Sosnytsia, a townlet in the Chernihiv oblast of present-day Ukraine (at the time a part of Imperial Russia), to Petro Semenovych Dovzhenko and Odarka Ermolaivna Dovzhenko. (His ancestors were Kozaks who settled in Sosnytsia in the eighteenth century, coming from the neighbouring province of Poltava.) Olexandr was the seventh of fourteen children, but due to the horrific rate of child loss he became the oldest child by the time he turned eleven.

Although his parents were uneducated, Dovzhenko's semi-literate grandfather encouraged him to study, leading him to become a teacher at the age of 19. He escaped military service during both World War I and the Russian Revolution because of a heart condition, but did join the Communist party in the early 1920s. He even served as an assistant to the Ambassador in Warsaw as well as Berlin. Upon his return to Ukraine in 1923, he began illustrating books and drawing cartoons in Kiev.

Dovzhenko turned to film in 1926 when he landed in Odessa. His ambitious drive led to the production of his second-ever screenplay, Vasya the Reformer (which he also co-directed). He gained greater success with Zvenigora in 1928 which established him as a major filmmaker of his era. His following "Ukraine Trilogy" (Arsenal, Earth, and Ivan), although underappreciated by contemporary Soviet critics (who found some of its realism counter-revolutionary), is his most well-known work in the West.

Although he served as a wartime journalist for the Red Army during World War II, Dovzhenko began to feel ever more oppressed by the bureaucracy of Stalin's Soviet Union. After spending several years writing, co-writing and producing films at Mosfilm Studios in Moscow, he turned to writing novels. Over a 20 year career, Dovzhenko personally directed only 7 films.

He was a mentor to the young Ukrainian filmmakers Larisa Shepitko and Sergei Parajanov. Dovzhenko died of a heart attack on November 25, 1956 in Moscow. His wife, Yulia Solntseva continued his legacy by producing films of her own and completing projects Dovzhenko was not able to create.

The Olexandr Dovzhenko Film Studios in Kiev were named after him in his honor following his death.

Filmography

• Love's Berries (, translit. Yagodka lyubvi, , translit. Yahidky kokhannya), 1926
• Vasya the Reformer (Russian and , translit. Vasya - reformator), 1926
• The Diplomatic Pouch (, translit. Sumka dipkuryera, , translit., Sumka dypkuryera), 1927
• Zvenigora (Russian and , Ukr. translit., Zvenyhora), 1928
• Arsenal (Russian and ), 1928
• Earth (Russian and , translit. Zemlya), 1930
• Ivan (, ), 1932
• Aerograd (, , Ukr. translit., Aerohrad), 1935
• Bukovyna: a Ukrainian Land (, translit. Bukovina, Zemlya Ukrainskaya, , translit. Bukovyna, Zemlya Ukrayins'ka), 1939
• Shchors* (Russian and ), 1939
• Liberation* (, translit. Osvobozhdeniye), 1940
• Battle for Soviet Ukraine* (, translit. Bitva za nashu Sovetskuyu Ukrainu, , translit. Bytva za nashu Radyans'ku Ukrayinu), 1943
• Soviet Earth (, translit. Strana rodnaya), 1945
• Victory in the Ukraine and the Expulsion of the Germans from the Boundaries of the Ukrainian Soviet Earth (, translit. Pobeda na Pravoberezhnoi Ukraine i izgnaniye nemetsikh zakhvatchikov za predeli Ukrainskikh sovietskikh zemel, , translit. Peremoha na Pravoberezhniy Ukrayini), 1945
• Michurin , 1948
• Farewell, America, 1949
• Poem of the Sea* (, translit. Poema o more), 1959

*codirected by Yuliya Solntseva

See also

• Category:Films directed by Olexandr Dovzhenko
• See Ukrainian Wiki entry on his work: "[1]"

References

• Dovzhenko, Alexander (ed. Marco Carynnyk) (1973). Alexander Dovzhenko: The Poet as Filmmaker, MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-04037-9
• Kepley, Jr., Vance (1986). In the Service of the State: The Cinema of Alexander Dovzhenko, University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-10680-2
• Liber, George O. (2002). Alexander Dovzhenko: A Life in Soviet Film, British Film Institute. ISBN 0-85170-927-3
• ed. Bohdan Y. Nebesio (1994). The cinema of Alexander Dovzhenko, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies.
• Perez, Gilberto (2000) Material Ghost: Films and Their Medium, Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6523-9

External links

• Chris Fujiwara's review Neglected Giant: Alexander Dovzhenko at the MFA
• John Riley "A (Ukrainian) Life in Soviet Film: Liber's Alexander Dovzhenko", Film-Philosophy, vol. 7 no. 31, October 2003 — a review of George O. Liber (2002), Alexander Dovzhenko: A Life in Soviet Film
• Aleksandr Dovzhenko at IMDB
• Landscapes of the Soul: The Cinema of Alexander Dovzhenko,

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