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ImÄ?m ˤAlÄ« ibn-MÅ«sÄ? ar-RiÄ?Ä? (Arabic: عÙ?Ù? بÙ? Ù?Ù?سÙ? اÙ?رضا) (January 1, 766 - May 26, 818) was the eighth Shīˤa ImÄ?m. His given name was ˤAlÄ« ibn-MÅ«sÄ? ibn-Jaˤfar. In Persian, he is frequently known as Emam Reza.
Birth and family life
ˤAlÄ« ar-RiÄ?Ä? was born in Medina to the seventh Shīˤa ImÄ?m, MÅ«sÄ? ibn-Jaˤfar ibn-Muħammad al-KÄ?Ä?im (known in Persian as Emam Musa Kazem), and Ummu l-BanÄ«n NajmÄ?. He was born one month after the death of his grandfather, Jaˤfar as-SÄ?diq. Like his father and grandfather, his education came at the hands of his father.
His father died in 799, when ˤAlÄ« was 35, and he was given the responsibility of the Imamate. ˤAlÄ« was not looked upon favorably by HÄ?rÅ«n RashÄ«d, and the people of Medina were disallowed from visiting ˤAlÄ« and learning from him. Harun attempted to kill him but was unsuccessful.
After the death of HÄ?rÅ«n RashÄ«d, his two sons began fighting for control of the AbbÄ?sid empire. One son, Al-Amin, had an Arab mother and thus had the support of Arabs, while his half-brother Al-Ma'mun had a Persian mother and the support of Persia. Al-Ma'mun believed that Persia was sympathetic to the Hashemites and asked for ˤAlÄ« to meet him in Persia. ˤAlÄ« ar-RiÄ?Ä? left his only son, Muħammad at-TaqÄ«, and his wife and set out for Merv.
After defeating his brother, al-Ma'mun named ˤAlÄ« ar-RiÄ?Ä? his successor. He hoped to win Shīˤa support through this move, but the passage of caliphate would occur only if ˤAlÄ« outlived al-Ma'mun (as with all promises of succession). Al-Ma'mun even changed the black AbbÄ?sid flags to green, the traditional color of the house of ˤAlÄ« ibn AbÄ«-TÄ?lib, the first Shīˤa imam.
Death
ˤAlÄ« ar-RiÄ?Ä? did not outlive al-Ma'mun, dying on May 26, 818, in Persia while accompanying al-Ma'mun at Tus. Some scholars believe he was poisoned by al-Ma'mun. ˤAlÄ« ar-RiÄ?Ä? is buried in Mashhad.
External links
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fr:Ali ar-Rida
id:Ali ar-Ridha
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